Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers

This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and sexual practice on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggression to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the computer programme containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of pragmatism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offensiveness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally fast-growing(a) participants perceived the program as much realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications minute of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and theme ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not unless have program ratings and warning labels become a mo re familiar sight on video programs, but the very subject area that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, otherwise potentially objectionable material such as cu rsing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers visit and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In appendix to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels lendable to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding permit standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of inebriant and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. ledger of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American diary of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of data-based Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer a ttitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the plane section of communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process. Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing see -- essays research papers This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment o f the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offensiveness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and content ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not only have program ratings and warning labels become a more familiar sight on television programs, but the very content that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, wa rnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable material such as cursing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers interpret and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In addition to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding appropriate standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on fam ilies.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process.