A Teachers View On Teaching Kindergarten English Language Essay

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Courtly Love in The Canterbury Tales

Courtly Love in The Canterbury rumorsIn tout ensemble periods, in all forms of literature, respect has always found its place within the words of its authors. The predilections and meanings readers create about(predicate) love life can change drastically from superstar interpreting of a text to a nonher. However, it is safe to say that when reading a tale of arealy love, the type of love is immediately recognizable thanks to the peculiar behaviour, desires, and innate heartache of the characters. The experience of love the characters feel is put to an extreme that is unrecognizable to what we know as modern day love. Almost all of the Canterbury Tales contain love and lovers who act upon the conventions and standards of courtly love. Chaucer was greatly influenced by the courtly ro compositi wiz time of his predecessors. In this paper I intend to give a brief history of courtly love and explore the influences of courtly love on Chaucer and how it is echoed within his Cant erbury Tales.It is difficult to define courtly love when scholars such as C.S Lewis, D.W Robertson, E.Talbot Donaldson and Gaston Paris disagree with twain the nature and origin of it. Alexander J. Denomy puts it nicely as he defines courtly love as a type of sensual love and what distinguishes it from other forms of familiar love, from mere passion, from so-called platonic love, from married love, is its purpose or motive, its formal object, namely, the lovers progress and growth in essential goodness, merit, and worth. Courtly love contains an important mixer comp integritynt. In the poetry of the troubadours, social promotion is an important theme, particularly when it comes to love. William of Poitriers is the highest of nobility as he is the first troubadour. He proclaimed that love can turn a courtly man into a churl, and a churl into a courtly man. The troubadours find it very important that the cleaning woman whose love they seek mustiness be of some nobility, at the same time, they claim that love, though unrequited, makes them better, inspiring in them an emulation of the beloved through which they hope to become worthy of the luxurious love for which they farsighted (Manson 239-240).Courtly love is a highly ritualized practice. Generally, courtly love is practiced only between a woman and a man of noble status who are not married. Usually the characters would be a squire, or a knight and a woman with an aristocratic background. Courtly love is seen as example and to a higher place intercourse. True love was seen to only exist outside of marriages. Marriages had nothing to do with love as they were arranged more practically than not. Having a wife was looked at the same way as owning another piece of property to a husband. The medieval teaching of marriage focused on Pagan and Christian views. The first purpose of marriage is to multiply the human race the second purpose of marriage is to avoid fornication. Kelly states that other motiv es were admissible, too, especially the nobler ones of peace-making or the encouragement of love between in-laws, but also less noble ones of desire for the intendeds dish antenna or wealthmutual love between the spouses is notably absent from their lists (Kelly pg 247).In the common society of the medieval world there is ordinary love. Some of Chaucers tales are of ordinary love these tales are called fabliaux. It is easy for one to spot fabliaux from a courtly love tale as the characters in fabliauxs react to lust they react to love in its most non complex state, its natural state. All forms of love begin with lust, but to be able to master the art of courtly love, one must take themselves out of the simple state of lust and take it to a superior extremely sensual state of love its power is elevated to a point of worship. In order to get to this sense of love the man has to endure suffering for the love he seeks. After he goes through the suffering he is able to rise above the l ust and begin to serve the women with courageous deeds and beautiful language.An example of one of Chaucers fabliauxs is The Millers Tale. This tale is lusty and vulgar yet the characters, although somewhat immoral, nourish more depth and personality than the characters in The Knights Tale. Above I have noted that marriage is not typically placed in with courtly love tradition, although in his accommodate The Allegory of Love, C.S. Lewis states that adultery does have its place in courtly love. He suggests that a wife is no superior. As the wife of another, above all as the wife of a great lord, she may be queen of beauty and lovebut as your own wife, for whom you have bargained with her father, she sinks at once from a lady to a mere woman (36-27). Chaucer plays upon this nous in The Millers Tale. It is a criticism of courtly tradition, it is similar to The Franklins Tale and The Merchants Tale in that it is about a young squire who cuckolds another mans wife and enters into an affair. Even though it is not traditional for courtly love to be associated with a married woman both The Franklins Tale and The Merchants tale use this idea of stealing a mans wife. Both of the young squires, Damian and Aurelius covet another mans wife, but of course only one commits adultery.On the other hap, The Knights Tale is not at all fabliaux and represents much of the courtly love tradition. Arcite and Palamon are both characters of noble status, and they are the best and ideal of their type. Chaucer does a wonderful job glorifying his characters to perfection, he makes certain that the reader knows how noble, courageous, and beautiful his characters are, that gretter was ther noon under the sonne (863). These characters embody the standards of courtly love Arcite suffers extreme love pain for Emelye as he has his freedom but does not have access to her. Arcites anguish is so great because he cannot see Emelye that it physically changes him. Palamon can not even recognize him. It is made quiet clear that there has never been anyone to feel the pains of love as bad as what Arcite felt. Theseus even acknowledges the extremes of love-sickness when he asks who may been a fool but if he love? (1799). Palamon also suffers love pains for Emelye as although he can see her through bars, he will never be able to be with her, he will never be able to touch her. Both men suffer for her, and by and by in the tale both men perform courageous deeds when they decide to fight each other for the chance of being with Emelye. The language in The Knights Tale is quiet extreme and takes every event to a heightened level. Theseus builds a battlefield for the two knights to battle on and he refers to it as a noble theatre as it was / I dar wel seyen in this world ther nas (1885-1886). Thus further embodying the greatness of courtly love.Andreas Capellanus was surely an influence for Chaucer when it comes to courtly love. De Arte Honeste Amandi is essentially a hand book o n how to love like a courtier written by Capellanus. Love is a certain inborn suffering derived from the sight of an excessive conjecture upon the beauty of the opposite sex, which causes each one to wish above all things the embraces of the other(Capellanus 40). First is the sexual desire, and then is the excessive meditation on the womens beauty which makes the lover rise above his lust to a realm of innocent passion that makes only the embrace of the love he seeks meaningful. Throughout Capellanuss hand book on how to love like a courtier are examples of problems in which lovers know no answers. One example of a situation is, if a lover dies, how long one must wait until she may seek a new love (Capellanus 49). The answer is two years. Chaucer uses this span of two years in The Franklins Tale, and it strikingly resembles that of which is read in Capellanuss De Arte Honeste Amandi. In The Franklins Tale Arvergus is sent away for two years on duty. The squire Aurelius has loved Do rigen for two years, and he prays to the gods that the waters stick out higher than the rocks for two years, and suffers love sickness for two years. As well, after two years of Dorigens husband beings away she considers having an affair.Another influence on Chaucers opus was Guillaume de Lorris Le Roman de la Rose. In this love affair the protagonist greatly suffers for his love. He shows all of the symptoms of love-sickness, as well he listens to the commands given to him by the god of Love. The commands become expected for the young knights in following works of courtly love. Many of Chaucers concepts in The Canterbury Tales derived from the courtly ideas in the Rose. An example of how the rose is relate with Chaucers work is how The Franklins Tale and The Knights Tale resemble it. In the poem a young man is wandering in a garden. He leans over and looks into a well of narcissus this glance into the well causes him to fall in love with the first thing he sets his eyes upon. Wh en they young lover sees a rose bud, cupid shoots an cursor at him it enters though his eye and penetrates his heart. The young man removes the shaft from his eye but he will forever have the arrow head lodged into his heart. This idea of love at first sight has held its own place in literature throughout centuries. Chaucer mirrors this representation of an arrow in the heart in The Franklins Tale and The Knights Tale. Aurelius suffers from love, although he appears fine on the outside a keen arrow stuck within his soul / A wound thats only surface-healed can be / A perilous thing, you know in surgery / unless the arrowhead be taken out (435-438). In The Knights Tale Palamon is struck by love through the eye, I have been hurt this moment through they eye, / Into my heart (42-43). In both cases the wounded lovers are inflicted of the gods love, and both will suffer for the one they love.The medieval period in English Literature spends a lot of time being concerned with love and love rs, surely more than any other period. Almost every one of The Canterbury Tales discusses love is some manifestation or another and almost all encounter lovers. Chaucer was neither an enemy nor a companion of courtly love. With him the concept remained unchallenged, serviceable for dealing with love elegantly and useless for dealing with it seriously (Eliason 15). He takes inspiration from authors before him and adds an element of courtly love into his own work that develops the idea with a new sense of creativity and intelligence.

Marriage in Christina Rossettis Promises Like Pie-Crust and Edgar Alla

Marriage in Rossettis Promises Like Pie-Crust and Poes Bridal Ballad In Christina Rossettis Promises Like Pie-Crust and Edgar Allan Poes Bridal Ballad female speakers encounter the milestone of union. lining strong pressures from society, Rossettis speaker refuses marriage in three well-reasoned arguments which are veiled in a guise of superciality. Conversely, Poes speaker accepts marriage, but by the end of the verse form realizes the dire consequences of her decision. Rossetti knows what she wants and does not want out of life subsequently, Rossetti realizes that personal satisfaction and even joy may exist without a man and thus makes the big decision not to marry. Poes naive bride trusts in society and marries not out of love but in an attempt to attain happiness. Failing to either run into her inner thoughts or accept her misgivings, Poes bride remains emotionally unready to marry. A paragon of the nineteenth century woman, Poes bride, despite her doubts, succumbs to mar riage whereas Rossettis strong-willed speaker vehemently rejects the institution. Poes superficial conformity opposes Rossettis independent spirit however, societys pressures affect both women. Poe writes Bridal Ballad in 1837 in America while Rossetti writes Promises Like Pie-Crust during the Victorian era in England during both periods society demands that women marry (Mayberry 11). Referring to the unwedded woman as an old maid or spinster, society reinforces the notion that matrimony alone leads to a contented, blissful state. Born and bred to marry, a womans disruption of the wed-and-then- procreate cycle engenders not only societys disrespect but also frightening uncertainty for the woman (Mayberry 11). ... ...ed bliss. emotionally attached to her dead lover, Poes bride proves her incapability of loving anyone else besides the dead DElormie. Citing several valid reasons, Rossetti eschews the decadent dessert while Poes bride, deafened to reason by societys expectations, ig nores Rossettis arguments, seeks marriage as a panacea, and chokes on her medicine. Works CitedGreenblatt, Stephen, and M. H. Abrams. Christina Rossetti. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 9th ed. Vol. 2. New York Norton, 2012. 1489-512. Print.Sova, Dawn B. Bridal Ballad. Critical Companion to Edgar Allan Poe A Literary Reference to His sustenance and Work, Critical Companion. New York Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. http//www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= CCEAP1298&SingleRecord=True.

Biography of Karl Marx Essay -- biographies Biography Karl Marx Essays

Biography of Karl Marx Few names evoke as strong a response as Karl Marx. Some consider him a genius and a prophet, while others see only evil in his ideas. Everyone agrees that Marx stands among the social thinkers with the greatest impact on the worlds people. There are many people who pass into and come in of our lives. It is those great people that are remembered forever. One great person is Karl Marx. He is an extraordinary person that has changed and shaped the way of the future. Marx had many great experiences and achievements throughout his life for which he is remembered. On May 5, 1818, Karl Marx was born to father, Heinrich Marx, and his wife, Henriette. Karl was born in Trier, Prussia, where he lived throughout his childhood. His father was a lawyer and his family lived among the petty-bourgeoisie. 1 The bourgeoisie at this maculation in time was considered the middle class in society. The Marx family was Jewish, but later converted to Pr otestantism in 1824. In October of 1830, Marx enrolled at the Trier middle school. At Trier Gymnasium Marx obtained his high school education. Following graduation from Trier, he decided to continue his education and go on to attend Bonn University as a law school-age child in October of 1835. Here, Marx studied for only several months, and then enrolled at Berlin University in October of 1836. At Berlin University he also studied law, but majored in history and philosophy. duration attending Bonn University, Marx decides to propose to Jenny Von Westphalen in the summer of 1836. Jenny Von Westphalen was Marxs love of his life. The two of them had played and grown up together throughout their childhood. According to Eleanor Marx, Karl wai... ...in Neue Zeit 1897 <http//www.marxists.org/ scroll/marx/bio/marx/eleanor.htm (29 October 2001)3. Marx4. Lenin5. Thomas, Paul, Nature and Artifice in Marx, History of Political Thought Great Britain, 1998. 485-5 03 (29 October 2001)6. Thomas7. Thomas8. Engels, Frederick, Karl Marx, in Die Gartenlaube 1868 <http//www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/marx/eng-1869.htm (29 October 2001)9. Lenin10. Lenin11. Unknown, Draft of a Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx, in La Justice 1883 <http//www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883deat/justice.htm (29 October 2001) Linkswww.philosophypages.com/ph/marx.htmhttp//www.maoism.org/marx/marx_idx.htmwww.stud.unisg.ch/ajaritz/marx/marxh.htmwww.lucidcafe.com/library/96may/marx.htmwww.xs4all.nl/aboiten/marx.html

Elduc In 2000 :: essays research papers

Eliduc In 2000 Sarah DeMoranville Prof. Gardner Ancient World Ren. Love in 20th nose candy is entirely different from when Marie De France lived. In her time, she wrote a sweet story of two women who love the same man, Eliduc. He leaves his wife, Guildeluec to go fight in a nonher plain even though she is devastated by his decision. During his excursion he ends up with a younger woman named Guilliadun. The two fall madly in love. Ultimately, Guildeluec detects the affair and behaves with not a shread of jealousy or desire for revenge. The way she tells the story is surprisingly peaceful considering Eliduc lies to both women. However, my version of Eliduc, is written in 2000 mode. The society has metamorphosed into a jumbled blend of moral dysfunction. Many be unwilling to mend broken relationships. Instead, they choose to lie, cheat and deceive those who have been faithful and true to them. The repercussions of these betrayals are out-of-the-way(prenominal) more nauseating than Guildeluecs reaction to Eliducs affair. Beware, if you loved Maries version this might be too intense for some readers. First, the names of the characters are a bit more modern than the monograms Marie used. Now, Eliduc is called Eli, Guildeluec is Gail and Guilliadun is Jill. Here is how the story goes in 2000. Eli and Gail were together all through high school. They eventually got married because their love had vainglorious into a bond of true friendship and love. The two-shared happiness but Eli would focus the majority of his time on his career. Gail accepted Elis ambition and never unfeignedly gave him trouble about it. She had decent to do between work and home. Besides, Eli was a good policeman. He endlessly took pride in his work and the oral sex always favored him. He treated him special. One day Eli came home from work exasperated because some of the other guys on the force were jealous of Eli. He told Gail "they told the chief I sell and use drugs" "I ca nt believe this, now the chief wants me gone." Gail said, "oh sweetheart, we can work this out. Things will be fine. We have enough money with my salary at the hospital to last us until the chief comes around. I could even ask some of the other nurses if I can nag up another shift" Eli answered, "I am going away for a while.

Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers

This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and sexual practice on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggression to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the computer programme containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of pragmatism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offensiveness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally fast-growing(a) participants perceived the program as much realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications minute of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and theme ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not unless have program ratings and warning labels become a mo re familiar sight on video programs, but the very subject area that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, otherwise potentially objectionable material such as cu rsing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers visit and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In appendix to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels lendable to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding permit standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of inebriant and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. ledger of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American diary of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of data-based Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer a ttitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the plane section of communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process. Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing see -- essays research papers This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment o f the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offensiveness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and content ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not only have program ratings and warning labels become a more familiar sight on television programs, but the very content that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, wa rnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable material such as cursing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers interpret and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In addition to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding appropriate standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on fam ilies.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process.

Rec Project :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe NWS Yorktown sponsorship agreements follows the BUPERS guidelines on sponsorship and this guideline is our Bible. We adhere to it strictly.NWS Yorktown special grammatical cases offer a unique avenue for the unified welkin to meet their business objectives through sponsorship opportunities. MWR events offer specific target markets of all ages including both military and civilian communities. In order to become apart of corporate advertising budgets, a certain message about NWS Yorktown special events and the many benefits they offer to potential sponsors must be conveyed in a by the way and effective manner.There are more events than are supported by sponsorship dollars. Sponsorship proposals are creation more carefully assessed to select opportunities which offer the most rumination and highest potential of measurable sales increases for budgeted promotional dollars. Once an event has been proven to deliver corporate benefits, sponsors will seek out more event opportunities and practicable increase existing involvement.Establishing Excellence in Programming and ExecutionNWS Yorktown MWR special events compete with special event programs throughout the Hampton roads area. These programs typically occupy large operating budgets and the ability to charge high ticket prices to patrons. MWR is becoming increasingly more effective in doing more with less and thus providing events cope with to, and sometimes better than events on the outside for nominal fees.Consistency in excellence event programming is a goal of MWR. Communicating this idea to Hampton Roads military is an even greater goal. An established special events program with consistent high attendance records in a specified target market is a prime arena for a company looking to coordinate their promotional dollars efficiently.Understanding Corporate Objective of Event ParticipationToday, more than ever, event marketing must be designed to fulfill specific business objectives. By determining these distinct goals, we as event organizers can assist corporations in fulfil their projections through sponsorship of our events. Once sponsorship agreements have been signed, a personalized advertisement and promotional package can be tailored to specific business needs. For the event organizer, being in tune with the event means being able to offer creative marketing ideas to participation sponsors. It is just as important for the sponsor to obtain a measurable, positive result as it is for MWR to obtain the sponsors dollars. Looking at the entire picture from both ends of the spectrum is the key to successful event marketing program.Commercial Sponsorship vs DonationsCommercial sponsorship is the exchange of cash, goods, and/or services for marketing opportunities at an event.